Additionally, the physical environment where the interactions are taking place and the dog’s history are suggested risk factors for the occurrence of a bite 5, 18. The breed, neuter status and sex of dogs have also been highlighted 17, although the link between these factors and bite risk are contested 11, 15. Human population-level risk factors associated with dog bites include young age of the victim 1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (but see 15, 16) and male sex 11 (but see 12, 15, 16).

This analysis can help to improve understanding of context in which bites occur and improve bite prevention by highlighting observable human and dog behaviours occurring before the bite.ĭog bites are a global public health problem resulting in substantial costs to health care systems 1, 2, 3, and businesses as a result of time off work, human physical and mental health impacts 4, 5, 6, 7 and also affect dog welfare, since dogs that bite are likely to be relinquished to shelters 8 and/or euthanised 9. Non-neutral codes describing dog body posture and some displacement and appeasement behaviours increased approximately 20 seconds before the bite and humans made more tactile contacts with dogs 21 seconds before the bite. Only age of the victim was predictive of bite severity: adults were bitten more severely than infants and infants more severely than children. No significant differences in bite severity were observed between contexts. Human and dog behaviour before the bite were summarised with descriptive statistics. Associations between bite severity and victim, dog and context characteristics were analysed using a Bayesian hierarchical regression model. Perceived bite severity was derived from visual aspects of the bite. We recorded the context of bites, bite severity, victim and dog characteristics for 143 videos and for 56 videos we coded human and dog behaviour before the bite. YouTube videos of dog bites present an unexplored opportunity to observe dog bites directly.

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